University group discusses ethics in science

More than 40 years ago, the destructive potential of the hydrogen bomb caused a crisis in the scientific community, spawning a movement that spread to the University this month.

In 1957, Albert Einstein and Bertrand Russell led a conference of a group of scientists in Pugwash, Nova Scotia to help prevent humankind's self-destruction by nuclear war.

The spirit of that conference continues today with Pugwash, an organization dedicated to the responsible use of science.

A University chapter of Student Pugwash USA was formed this month. The group aims to make people think about the ethical use of science through discussions.

"Science isn't neutral," said Keira Henning (junior-biology and philosophy), membership coordinator for the group. "It can be used in different ways."

Everyone must take the responsibility to use technology wisely, Henning said.

"We don't take sides on any one issue," said Marshall King (sophomore-geoenvironmental engineering), relations coordinator for the group. "We want to get people talking so they don't mindlessly follow progress."

The University chapter of Student Pugwash began when Carl Mitcham, professor of philosophy and of science, technology and society, suggested Henning gather a group of students to attend a national conference of the group in October in Washington, D.C.

The conference featured scientists and other speakers who discussed their own ethical dilemmas in science as well as hypothetical situations for students to discuss.

Of the 10 students who attended the conference, seven set out to form a University chapter. Since it was chartered as a provisional organization Jan. 18, the group, which has grown to about 15 members, has held one meeting to discuss the ethical implications of cloning.

"We have very different views on the issues," said Benjamin Conaway (sophomore-engineering science), the general coordinator for the University chapter. "It makes for a very good discussion."

Since it was formed in the 1950s, Pugwash has made a profound impact on the world, leading the Limited Test Ban Treaty and Non-Proliferation Treaty, both of which limited nuclear weapons in the 1960s, said Mitcham, who is now the adviser for the University's chapter.

In 1975, Pugwash was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts.

Henning said it was essential that the movement reach science and research-oriented universities such as Penn State.

"There's so much research and so many science students here, and the science courses don't really address (ethics)," Henning said.

Through different campaigns, including one in which members will encourage students to sign a promise to use science for the benefit of society, Student Pugwash hopes to make a lasting impact, leading the scientific community of the future to consider the impact of their work.

"We often think of things in black and white," Conaway said. "Discussion helps us see the gray area in between."